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    铸造vs锻造工艺 - pump
    
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                    <h1 class="title">
                            铸造vs锻造工艺   
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                                <p>
                                 <span class="date">2023/10/05</span>
                                  <span class="tran-posted-in">posted in</span>&nbsp; 
                                  
                                      <span class="posted-in"><a href='%E6%B0%B4%E6%B3%B5%20%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99.html'>水泵 材料</a></span>
                                         
                                  

                                   
                                      
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                                  <span class="tran-tags">Tags:</span>&nbsp;
                                     

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                  <article class="markdown-body single-content">
                    <div class="mweb_toc"><ul>
<li><a href="#%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%9A%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94">二：工艺原理对比</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#2-1%E9%93%B8%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA">2.1 铸造工艺</a></li>
<li><a href="#2-2%E9%94%BB%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA">2.2 锻造工艺</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#%E4%B8%89%EF%BC%9A%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94">三：工艺流程对比</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#3-1%E9%93%B8%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B">3.1 铸造工艺流程</a></li>
<li><a href="#3-2%E9%94%BB%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B">3.2 锻造工艺流程</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#%E5%9B%9B%EF%BC%9A%E4%BC%98%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94">四：优点对比</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#4-1%E9%93%B8%E9%80%A0%E4%BC%98%E7%82%B9">4.1 铸造优点</a></li>
<li><a href="#4-2%E9%94%BB%E9%80%A0%E4%BC%98%E7%82%B9">4.2 锻造优点</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#%E4%BA%94%EF%BC%9A%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94">五：缺点对比</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#5-1%E9%93%B8%E9%80%A0%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9A">5.1 铸造缺点：</a></li>
<li><a href="#5-2%E9%94%BB%E9%80%A0%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9">5.2 锻造缺点</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><img src="media/16964801022669/16964802480226.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<h2><a id="%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%9A%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>二：工艺原理对比</h2>
<h3><a id="2-1%E9%93%B8%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>2.1 铸造工艺</h3>
<p><em>将金属熔炼成符合一定要求的液体并浇进铸型里，经冷却凝固、清整处理后得到有预定形状、尺寸和性能的铸件（零件或毛坯）的工艺过程。</em></p>
<h3><a id="2-2%E9%94%BB%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>2.2 锻造工艺</h3>
<p><em>利用锻压机械对金属坯料施加压力，使其产生塑性变形以获得具有一定机械性能、一定形状和尺寸锻件的加工方法</em></p>
<h2><a id="%E4%B8%89%EF%BC%9A%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>三：工艺流程对比</h2>
<h3><a id="3-1%E9%93%B8%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>3.1 铸造工艺流程</h3>
<p>铸型准备 —&gt; 铸造金属融化和浇筑  —&gt;  铸件的处理和检验【磨砂】【毛刺处理】</p>
<h3><a id="3-2%E9%94%BB%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>3.2 锻造工艺流程</h3>
<p>① 开式锻造（自由锻）：<br />
【利用冲击力或压力使金属在上下两个抵铁（砧块）间产生变形以获得所需锻件，主要有手工锻造和机械锻造两种】<br />
② 闭模式锻造：<br />
【金属坯料在具有一定形状的锻模膛内受压变形而获得锻件，可分为模锻、冷镦、旋转锻、挤压等】</p>
<h2><a id="%E5%9B%9B%EF%BC%9A%E4%BC%98%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>四：优点对比</h2>
<h3><a id="4-1%E9%93%B8%E9%80%A0%E4%BC%98%E7%82%B9" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>4.1 铸造优点</h3>
<p>1、成本低廉，形状复杂、特别是具有复杂内腔的零件，更能显示出它的经济性<br />
2、历史悠久，代机械制造工业的基础工艺</p>
<h3><a id="4-2%E9%94%BB%E9%80%A0%E4%BC%98%E7%82%B9" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>4.2 锻造优点</h3>
<p>1、消除金属的铸态疏松，焊合孔洞<br />
2、机械性能一般优于同样材料的铸件</p>
<h2><a id="%E4%BA%94%EF%BC%9A%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>五：缺点对比</h2>
<h3><a id="5-1%E9%93%B8%E9%80%A0%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9A" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>5.1 铸造缺点：</h3>
<ol>
<li>需要的设备更多，相对更污染环境</li>
<li>容易形成砂眼、气孔等</li>
</ol>
<h3><a id="5-2%E9%94%BB%E9%80%A0%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>5.2 锻造缺点</h3>
<ol>
<li>对于复杂形状的不太友好</li>
</ol>

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